Identifying Carbohydrates Lab Report

(insert name here) (insert period #) Identifying Carbohydrates (First inital and last name of lab partner) Purpose The purpose of this lab is to learn how to identify different forms of carbohydrates by conducting the Benedict and Iodine test. Theory The theory for this concept is that if in the benedicts test the carbohydrate reacts, it is a monosaccharide. If it reacts in the Iodine test it is a polysaccharide. If no reaction occurs in either test the carbohydrate is a disaccharide. Data Type of carbohydrate| Benedicts Test| Iodine Test|Monosaccharide| R| NR| Disaccharide| NR| NR| Polysaccharide| NR| R| Solution| Bendicts Test| Iodine Test| Honey| R| NR| Oats| NR| R| Table Sugar| NR| NR| Apple Juice| R| NR| Powdered Sugar| NR| NR| Results Solution| Type of carbohydrate| Honey| Monosaccharide| Oats| Polysaccharide| Table Sugar| Disaccharide| Apple juice| Monosaccharide| Powdered Sugar| Disaccharide| Conclusion I found that honey reacted with the Benedicts test, so it must be a monos accharide. Oats did not react with the Benedicts test, but did react ith the Iodine test; so it is a polysaccharide. Both the table sugar and the powdered sugar reacted with neither tests, so they are both disaccharides. Lastly, the apple juice reacted with the Benedicts test so it is a monosaccharide. Questions 1) It could be a Polysaccharide or a Disaccharide. 2) It could be a Disaccharide or a Monosaccharide. 3) This would be a monosaccharide. 4) This would be a Disaccharide. 5) They originally came from producers. 6) The chemical formula is Cx(H2Oy) 7) 8)C12 H22 O11

GCSE media studies coursework Essay

In this essay I will be comparing two articles taken from local newspapers in different areas. I will be looking at the techniques used in each article and their effectiveness. I will use this comparison to eventually decide which article is the more effective of the two. The two headlines from the articles are quite different. ‘Inches from tragedy’ is a large, bold headline written in a way that makes you want to see what the headline is talking about, as it sounds serious. ‘Firemen free bathroom tot’ on the other hand is quite small for a headline and only really uses one emotive word, free, making it sound like the child was imprisoned, which is worse than what actually happened. I think that ‘Inches from tragedy’ is the more effective of the two headlines because it grabs the readers attention and uses a lot of emotive language in such a short space to make the reader carry on reading. The language used in these articles is quite emotive in both cases. Both articles use exaggeration to tell you what they are trying to say. This is especially evident from quotes like â€Å"escaped death by inches† and â€Å"impossible for him to get out† as they are telling the truth about the events that occurred in each case, but are blatantly over-emotive to make the article more interesting. The firemen free bathroom tot article especially exagerrates the situation as it makes a toddler stuck in a bathroom sound like a major rescue attempt, whereas the other article Inches from tragedy features a very serious situation anyway. I think that both articles use emotive language very well, and that they are equally good at getting there point across through using language. Both of the articles feature one long, main interview and one shorter interview towards the end of the article. The interviews have been included in each case to give the reader an account of the events in the article from one of the people involved. This is a good idea as people who were actually involved in the events of the article will be able to give more information on what actually happened, and will probably know things that no-one else does. Having interviews also makes the reader sympathise with the people involved, especially if it is coming from one of the people mentioned in the main first paragraph of the article. The people who put together the articles must make sure that everything they include in the interviews is relevant and that they are not too long. I think that the article that uses interviews and quotes better is probably Inches from tragedy, because all the information given is relevant to and informative about what happened. I also think this because the interviews featured are not too long and leave room in the article for other information. Having a picture in an article is a good idea, because it lets the reader see exactly who was involved and let them see what effect the events of the article have had on them if at all. It can also give extra visual information to back up what is said in the article. This is especially evident in the picture from Inches from tragedy as it not only gives a picture of the avalanche victims, but also diagrams and labelled photos to show exactly what happened and where and when it happened. Journalists may also include pictures in their articles because it breaks it up and makes it seem like less to read. An article consisting entirely of text can seem quite daunting. Again Firemen free bathroom tot is nicely done with a good picture of the firemen and the child they ‘rescued’, but Inches from tragedy uses it’s picture better because as well as a photo of the two brothers caught in the avalanche, it has informative and interesting diagrams as backup to the article. Using fact and opinion in an article is good because it lets the reader compare an outside factual account of what happened with an opinion given from a reliable source. These two things will probably differ from each other, so it is good to give the reader both so that they can compare the two to see what actually happened. As well as differing from each other fact and opinion also back each other up on certain points of the article, such as the effect something has had on certain people. Fact and opinion can add drama to a piece, but the journalist would be better off making sure that they tie in with one-another, rather than being totally different. This would give well backed up accounts of what happened, adding a sense of drama to the article. Both articles use fact and opinion very well and I think are equally successful at giving well backed up information about what happened in each. These articles are obviously aimed at different audiences. Inches from Tragedy is found in the Metro, a newspaper which is probably aimed at city types and people who live in places dominated by big news. Firemen free bathroom tot on the other hand is found in the Bury St. Edmunds Citizen which is probably aimed at the people who live in the town of Bury St. Edmunds where news like that in this article would probably be big in the town, but not many other places. This means that the article from the Metro has been written in an interesting and emotive style, but is condensed to a size that can be read quite quickly. It also contains just the basic facts about what happened, backed up by good interviews. The other article on the other hand is about the same length, but contains a lot of information on what happened, backed up by fairly short interviews with the people involved. This more long-winded style is probably better suited to an article of this nature. The final effect on the articles is that Inches from tragedy is interesting to anyone because of the use of language and pictures, but Firemen free bathroom tot would only be found interesting by the people of Bury St. Edmunds. However, this is probably what both articles wanted to achieve anyway, so they are both quite effective at reaching their target audience. Overall, I think that both articles are effective at getting their story across to the people intended. They both feature emotive language, a large headline, interviews and a picture. Inches from tragedy was very well put together and extremely informative. The language used and the picture are two of this article’s main strong points, but it could do with more information on what happened and how instead of the excess of interviews. Firemen free bathroom tot is also very well written and is probably aimed at being something of a comedy article. It makes the situation sound major by using lots of exagerration and emotive language. However, sometimes the language used is a bit too much for the situation, as it isn’t anywhere near as serious as the article makes out. There is also quite a bit of irrelevant information in the article, such as the child looking at the fire engine. I think the most successful of these two articles has to be Inches from  Tragedy, because it is interesting, informative and not too long. It also backs up the information given in the articles by picking out relevant quotes and sections from interviews. The other article I feel doesn’t do this as well and so it just loses out.

Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Curriculum - Essay Example Raising economic equalities and decreasing discrimination due to gender, race or creed, and the receding of conventionality in most of the societies worldwide, have encouraged the recent generations of children to seek not only lower education, but also higher and University education. Education has become a multi-facetted unending journey today without any limits or boundaries. Recently, there had been a vigorous change in the society, and the recent trend of globalisation with the booming media has increased these opportunities. Changed political perspectives, changes in the society, technological changes, shrinking of the world into a global village, desire to know more about the world, its arts and sciences have led even older people into the portals of learning with great results. The content of education has always been a matter of interest to thinkers. "Over 2000 years ago Plato was interested in what the leaders of an ideal state should be taught, and many philosophers and st atesmen since have pondered the educational problems of society," (Taylor, 1985, p.2). Aims and objectives of the curriculum are the beliefs that they would serve the purpose of active education by planning for it much in advance, before the real education starts. It motivates students and gives a clear picture about what they are going to learn, so that they can plan their studies fully. It also provides a target to be completed for the teachers. It is the plan for the entire year and it is the list of skills the student is going to attain at the end of the studies. Curriculum is bound with the very concept of education. Curricula are anyway artificial as they are man made and could be changed any time, though some teachers feel a great awe towards it. They serve a variety of purposes, like making the children aware of the world in which they live, and about the social changes, sciences, political revolutions and economic transformations and space travels etc. The young are systematically introduced to various branches of knowledge through the curriculum, because the y embody the beliefs about education. There are multiplicities of conceptions that keep shaping the education over the years and still continue to do so. It is an ongoing process, as the discoveries and knowledge continues to grow, curriculum keeps changing. "Concepts of learning also change over time; not only the validity of content, the demise of a subject area, the development of a new one, not only in terms of the rapidity with which content may expand or alter in certain disciplines, but in terms of what we know of learning as a process," (Skilbeck, 1984, p.18). Curriculum provides accountability and a way of comparing one with other curriculum. It also creates coherence to the subjects that are going to be taught, along with a systematic nature for the jumbled teaching. At higher classes, students can get more knowledge by studying in advance the rest of the curriculum, having known its contents. Its presence brings the education into a definite bracket so that all concerned are comfortably aware of its contents, examinations etc.

Threat of Economic Development in Ireland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Threat of Economic Development in Ireland - Essay Example omic theory tells us to examine costs and benefits in order to determine whether resources are allocated in a manner that increases or decreases economic growth,† Adding further down in his commentary that, â€Å"Other forms of government spending have a less desirable impact on economic activity. If a program does not facilitate or encourage economic activity, or has only a small positive effect, then the aggregate impact on the economy will be negative because there are limited benefits – if any – to outweigh the costs. And if the program actually undermines work, saving, and investment or encourages misallocation of resources, then the overall adverse impact on economic growth will be particularly pronounced. A good example from recent events is federal flood insurance. Not only does the program require resources to be taxed or borrowed from the productive sector of the economy – with all the associated economic costs, but it also encourages over-buildi ng in flood zones, which leads to the destruction of wealth during natural disasters,† (Mitchell 10/25/2005). As it pertains to Irish environment, it can be determined that first a sense of which in environment is key in understanding the implications, positive or negative, that economic development will have on the said environment. When it comes to the political environment of a nation, economic development is important as it comes to progressive advancement. Any other environment can find itself hampered in one way or another by economic advancement because as was seen with the Industrial Revolution, which had great economic benefits even presently, the environment itself has suffered through greenhouse gases that have left the environment in continuously deteriorating health. According to the brief description provided within the article, Ireland is described as being the second richest nation within the European Union. As such, logical deduction would state that for a country to have reached that

German culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

German culture - Essay Example They make fewer friends and take time to get closer to them and once they make friendship they develop strong association. On the other hand, Americans tend to have more friends to increase their network and their friendship is often looser as compared to German friendship. 3. Germans work very hard during their working hours and try to relax and play after work. They leave promptly after working hours and taken longer annual vacations rather than taking vacations during working days. On the other hand, Americans tend to relax and socialize during the working hours and they prefer working in a relaxed environment. Actually, Germans have a monochronic culture and they prefer doing one thing at a time and they do not like interruptions and value orderliness in their tasks. On the other hand, Americans tend to be polychronic and they work on multiple things at the same time (Analytictech). 5. The German people wear engagement ring on the third finger of left hand and wedding ring is worn in the third finger of the right hand. Americans also follow the same tradition and wear engagement ring on the third finger of the left hand, however, during wedding ceremony, the engagement ring is removed and wedding band is placed on bride’s finger and after wedding the wedding ring is worn on the third finger of left hand

Newly formed (daily formed) brain cells Research Paper

Newly formed (daily formed) brain cells - Research Paper Example Even though there were a few studies in which the presence of [3H] thymidine labeled newly formed neurons was described in hippocampus of rodent at postnatal stages (Altman and Das, 337), but these studies were not given significance in absence of functional evidences (Gage et al., 210). It was only in the 1990s, that the technologies such as [3H] thymidine replacement and immunophenotyping of newborn cells using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) along with other neuronal markers were developed. During this period twin evidences gradually took shape breaking the dogma of neurogenesis being restricted to prenatal stages. The first evidence came in the success of Reynolds and Weiss (1707) in culturing mutipotent neural progenitors derived from adult mouse brain. The second line of evidences was provided by Kuhn and colleagues (5820) immunophenotyping newly formed cells of rodent brain using BrdU and other neuronal markers. With further advances in technology the presence of neuronal stem cells were found to occur in many areas of the brain. On October 15, 1999, two biologists at Princeton University; Dr. Elizabeth Gould and Dr. Charles G. Gross, reported that neurogenesis occurs regularly in primate (monkey) adding neurons continuously to cerebral cortex (Gross and Gould, 619). Thus the firmly established belief that adult brain is incapable of forming new cells was shattered, more so in light of recent similar evidence provided for birds (Bailey & Kandel, 397). B. Neurogenesis: The mammalian brain comprises of four main types of cells: neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. These cells originate from early neural epithelium which forms a neural plate in the developing embryo, neurogenesis being preceded by gliogenesis. The differentiation of neuroepithelial cells is determined by inductive cellular interactions and the concentration of expression of patterning gene in the surrounding cells. The patterning genes are determining factors in type and stag e of neurogenesis. Neurogenesis occurs first, the newly formed neurons having moved beyond the germinal ventricular zone by midgestation with help of newly formed glial cells, forming the subventricular Zone (SVZ). This is followed by formation of glioblasts from rest of the neuroepthellial cells in VZ, which then move to adjacent subventricular zone and form astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (Clarke, S13). After birth, glioblast formation stops, germinal VZ vanishes and the remaining neuroepithillial cells form ependymal cells which remain in adult brain as well. SVZ too decreases in size, present next to ependymal cell layer in brain. With further development of the new brain, these neural stem cells become restricted to six major zones of brain, namely olfactory bulb, VZ and SVZ of forebrain, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum, each of which is distinct and develop into cells with unique characteristics depending on the region they occupy (Gage, 1433). C. Neurogenesis in a dult brain: New cells in adult brain are established to be formed by: Neural Progenitor cell (NPC) population in olfactory bulb (OB) and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus, the brain area responsible for learning and memory. 2 mutipotential neural stem cell populations (NPC) namely SVZ astrocytes and ventricular ependymal cells from cerebral cortex. Besides these NSCs from non neurogenic periventricular cells have also been isolated and grown in vitro,

IT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT - Research Paper Example This serves as the main difference between quantitative and qualitative research. This is because the former does not embrace transitional social aspects in terms of interpretation (Cooper & Hedges, 1994). Cooper, H. & Hedges, L. V. (1994). The Handbook of Research Synthesis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Q2. The aspect of rigidity is cited as one of the major weaknesses of survey data. Most researchers miss out on important information that may come from interviewees predominantly because of lack of space. This emanates from a rigid design that does not allow for unforeseen information from the masses. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the individual to collect additional and new information about a product being researched. The solution to the problem lies in designing a broader research procedure that is quite flexible. This entails a hectic and tiresome process, but the results are usually worthy. Q3. Most researchers rely on the mechanical method in a bid to handle and org anizing huge numbers of data. Here, computers are largely used to their efficiency and speed that cannot be handled by the human brain. It is important to note that computers basically rely on tallying or counting words, phrases, and all sorts of coincidences that can be spotted within the data. One advantage of computers is the leverage it possesses over human beings in terms of speed and efficiency. Computers can also work efficiently in specified cases where certain positive comments about a given product are mentioned in the data (Patton, 2002). This type of data can be assessed using the so-called "red flags" and "green flags." It becomes easier to organize and handle data in this case even though it does not apply to all researches. This point also serves as its biggest weakness. Similarly, the method portrays some weakness in terms of failing to incorporate the human element in the organization of data. In other words, human interpretation and guidance is omitted from the equ ation. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Question 4 __________ enable(s) organizations to see how potential employees will behave on the job and how they will adapt to the corporate culture. Answer Internships Networking Personal job applications Employee referrals 5 points Question 5 What type of informative presentation addresses "why" questions? Answer demonstration explanation description instructional 5 points Question 6 What type of informative presentation format simply gives an account of the status quo? Answer explanation briefing training session report 5 points Question 7 Which of the following is NOT one of the general purposes mentioned in the text? Answer to inform to persuade to motivate to critique 5 points Question 8 According to the text, the three functions of an introduction are Answer to entertain, preview purpose, and motivate. to orient, motivate, and build rapport. to build credibil ity, review main points, and provide a closing thought. to motivate, entertain, and celebrate. 5 points Question 9 The interviewee designs the resume and the cover letter based on the __________ and the research done on the company. Answer organizational structure business purpose personal biography work experience 5 points Question 10 An effective closing has three parts. Which of the following describes part two? Answer allowing the candidate to ask any final questions about the position allowing the cand

Cross National Perspectives on Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cross National Perspectives on Education - Essay Example to one thing; that since it determines our lives to great extents, then the quality of our lives is directly dependent on the quality of education we get exposed to. This study text will analyze education issues on a cross-national perspective by comparing education in the United Kingdom and Japan while focussing on dominant affecting factors such as the cultural, political, and educational contexts. There exist broad parities of issues critical in determining cross-national perspectives and international education. Internationalized education may refer to transcend of national borders by one in seeking for cross-border education, and again, it may refer to the preparation of scholars to be active contributors to the interconnected globe (Wiseman 2005, p.6). Either of these definitions is driven by different values such as international communities, globalisation, market economies, and the profile of finance to mention but a few. In a collective perspective, education is in most cases driven by internal affairs which remain the duty of authorities at institutional levels such as the government (OECD 2003, p.62). In a governmental context, this will be further determined by factors which construct the ability of the government’s influence which is solely its economic performance, thus its profile of finance. Governments understand that low quality education frustrates the strides of applying education as a boost for economic development and growth, and this would in the end lead to an underperforming state in this highly globalized instant of time (Eicher & Bailey 2002, p.32). Therefore in enhancing the goals of education, governments are one, redefining the traditional approaches of providing educational. These include financial increment and providing measurable educational behaviours, competencies, knowledge, and skills. In addition, and most importantly, depicting much interest in achieving education that can be weighed at international and cross-national

Controls for Information Technology and Reporting and Evaluation Essay

Controls for Information Technology and Reporting and Evaluation - Essay Example ove-mentioned company implements real-time compliance tools to obtain company-wide data through one and only one source of information, which is its database. These tools notify the management about any compliance problems, and tend to provide accurate and timely information, making the company more open to the varying business requirements. These tools also help the management to prepare reliable financial statements. Apart from the real-time compliance tools, my company implements all the five components of internal control: control environment, risk assessment, information and communication systems, control activities, and monitoring. To evaluate the internal controls, it is first important to understand the definition of internal control; organize a project team to conduct the evaluation; evaluate internal control at the entity level; understand and evaluate internal control at the process, transaction, or application level; and, evaluate overall effectiveness, identify matters for improvement, and establish monitoring system. The criteria against which the internal controls of my company are to be evaluated is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires that the management must include an internal control reporting assessment with its annual report. My company uses AICPA/CICA Trust Services framework in their IT-based work, as an information systems auditor, to evaluate internal controls over information technology. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that I, as a manager of internal controls, should include a statement of my responsibility for implementing and maintaining proper internal controls, along with a report that should summarize how effective these internal controls have been through the year, in the company’s annual report. The Act also requires me to submit a report that summarizes the framework that I use to evaluate the internal controls, along with a statement or report that states that an external auditor has issued

A Book for Primary Grade Students Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Book for Primary Grade Students - Coursework Example As the paper discusses Mickey finds himself fallen in a night kitchen where three fat bakers are baking a cake for the morning. Mickey falls into the jug of milk and is accidentally kneaded into the cake dough after which the bakers put him into the oven. Somehow, Mickey manages to come out of the dough and feels sorry that he has spoiled the cake. He, then, makes an airplane of the dough and flies outside the oven into a bottle of milk where he pours the milk into the dough when its covering crumbles up. The bakers are happy that the cake came out perfect. Mickey, then magically returns to his bedroom into his bed, and pleasurably thinks about the delightful experiences that he had in the night kitchen. The aim behind summarizing the story is to explain how the content is well suited to be studied by a primary grader. Every one of us has his own unique good or bad style of learning new things. Teachers need to understand different learning styles in order to improve learning, especi ally student learning, because learning styles have a practical application in education and training. The organization of this book is perfect who is a visual learner, that is, a student whose learning preferences include visual aids with which he can make an imagination of the story plot within his mind. This study outlines that the pictures and comics that the author has made use of are interesting pieces of visual aids that can help a student with visual learning style. Thus, the language used is figurative. â€Å"The succession of images occur in such a way, that when we are given the full view of the scene, it seems as if Mickey has literally broken the forth wall of the comics panel and come zooming out into the open†. The cartoon-like artwork of Sandek has, on one hand, made the story bolder and, on the other, maintained the students’ grasp upon the plot of the story as well by keeping the shades and coloring of the images less intense. The emphases has been more on the story than the images which strengthens the students’ comprehension because they look at images as a helping part of the story rather than looking at story as a part of the comic images. The lettering and wording that Sandek has used make it special for children because the words used are si mple that are easy for the students to encode and decode, thus enabling the students learn decoding the word and encoding it comfortably. Also, the rhythm of the words selected is like a song which that student will enjoy who has auditory type learning style. Such a student learns by listening to the utterance of the sound of the word, and comprehends it. Hence, the book is great not only for visual but also for auditory learning style preferences. Moreover, this book can also prove a great guide for a student who lacks writing skills since the teacher can tell him to look at the picture and write down how the image relates to the story, or can tell him to read the story and write it down in simple words.

The Effects of Parental Abuse of Alcohol on Children of Alcoholics Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Parental Abuse of Alcohol on Children of Alcoholics Essay An estimated 6. 6 million children under the age of 18 are living with an alcohol dependent parent. These children are often subjected to a disheveled life style which affects them mentally, emotionally and physically. Researchers have examined the many ways in which this disease impacts children’s lives and if the life style or genetics of the addicted parent leads to a greater risk of dependency as the Child of the alcohol grows older. Addiction negatively affects everyone around it, especially children. The Effects of Parental Abuse of Alcohol on Children of Alcoholics Researchers have long studied the different effects parental use and abuse of alcohol has on children. They have used many methods of study and asked many different questions. Questions of a predisposition to alcoholism through a genetic link have been posed as well as the possibility of it being hereditary. The emotional effects parental alcoholism has on a child have been examined, reexamined and examined again. Researchers have wondered if the child(ren) of an alcohol dependent parent is in any way physically different then the child(ren) of a non-dependent parent. They have posed the thought that children of alcoholics (COAs) are at a greater risk for dependency to substances later in life. Researchers have suggested that inappropriate behavior is a direct result of their parent’s alcoholism, and that COAs experience a different childhood then non-COAs. Sociological researchers have asked if the child loses its identity as â€Å"the child† and takes on a different role in the family, or if the adjustments made by the family to this addiction hinder the growth of the child as a social being. Psychological researchers have examined the possible stunts in the psychological and developmental growth that a child may encounter when placed in the position of COA. A medical researcher may look for a gene that is prevalent in the alcoholic but missing in the non-alcoholic to try an answer if the COA will have that gene and if there is a cure. They may try and find a medical reason for the tendency for alcoholism in some and not in others. There are literally hundreds of studies, looking at hundreds of different things associated with alcoholism. Though researchers may not all look at the same question, they all want to know the same thing; Does parental alcoholism effect the child, and if so, how? Psychological Effects on the Child A COA can feel like they are all alone in a huge world, but the reality is, there are more COAs then we may think. According to Russell, Henderson and Blume (1984), roughly 6. 6 million children 18 years of age and younger live with at least one alcoholic parent. With such a drastically high number, it is of large concern that the child of an alcoholic will suffer some form of psychological trauma due to the parent’s abuse of alcohol. Multiple studies have been done to examine how a child will fare in the home of an alcoholic. Of these studies research has found that COAs run a higher risk, then non-COAs, for emotional, cognitive and behavioral problems. In a study titled â€Å"Children of Alcoholics: Vulnerable or Resilient? † the researchers found that children of alcoholics (COA) are at a higher risk for depression, suicide, eating disorders, chemical dependency and teen pregnancy then non-COAs (Mylant, Ide, Cuevas, Meehan, 2002). Further studies that have been done that compared non-COAs with COAs and found that higher levels of anxiety, general stress and depression are reported among the COA’s then the non-COAs (Schuckit Chiles,1978; Moos Billings, 1982; Anderson Quast, 1983; Preweet, Spence Chakins, 1981). A similar study was also done by Rolf, Johnson, Israel, Baldwin and Chandra (1988); they found that COAs conveyed feelings of loss or lack of control over their environment. Their study showed that COAs, when compared to non-COAs, gave more extreme self-reports of depression. It is not uncommon to find that COAs feel guilt, anger, hatred, fear, embarrassment and loss of control due to their parent’s alcohol abuse. Along with the emotional problems COAs exhibit, they are often involved in behavioral problems including, but not limited to, lying, stealing, fighting, and misbehavior at chool (West Prinz,1987). The school misbehavior can be so severe that COAs are often reported by their teachers as having conduct disorders, being overactive and impulsive (Knoop, Teasdale, Schulsinger, Goodwin, 1985; Schuckit Chiles, 1978; Bell Cohen; 1981, Fine, Yudin, Holmes, Heinemann, 1976; River, 1982; Steinhausen, Gobel Nestler, 1984; Merikangas, Weissman, Prusoff, Pauls, Leckman, 1985; Stweard, DeBlois, Singer, 1979) While their behavior may seem out of control to most people, it tends to be a result of the child’s lack of discipline and a cry for attention or help. While the research is still limited, studies have found that the emotional turmoil COAs report, in most cases, will lessen or cease to exist when the alcoholic parent stops drinking, however it will return if the pattern of alcohol abuse begins again. Moos and Billings (1982) studied the emotional problems of children in relapsed alcoholic families, children in families with a recovering parent and children in families with no alcoholic parent. They found that the children in a relapse home reported higher levels of depression and anxiety then those in recovery homes and homes without an alcohol problem. However children of relapse alcoholics have an equal emotional function level as children of a recovering alcoholic and children with no alcoholic parent. While the study finds that the emotional turmoil will lesson or cease, it is true that a lot of work must be done by the whole family to repair the damage done by alcohol. This work may include the use of a family or individual trained professional. This study does not include the children who escape alcoholic homes, either by age or other means, before the alcoholism has been resolved. Often times, those who leave before a resolve has been met will need to seek the help of a professional to find an end to their emotional struggle. Biological and Genetic Factors It has been said often, and by many people, alcoholism runs in the family. This statement has been proven to be a true fact. Multiple studies have been done on this one topic, all finding evidence of a genetic vulnerability to alcoholism when alcoholism is prevalent in the family (Kaij, 1960; Cloninger, Bohman, Sigvardsson,1981; Schulsinger, Hermansen, Guze Winokur, 1973). In other words a COA has a higher chance of becoming an alcoholic then a non-COA due to a genetic weakness they contain. This genetic vulnerability has been shown to be particularly high males when compared to females. One study found that early onset of alcoholism was more prevalent in males of an alcoholic father (fourfold more) then males of a non alcoholic father (Goodwin, 1985). While most people believe that middle school and high school age children are generally the largest risk group when it comes to addiction, it is, in-fact, another group that has topped the charts. COAs are now being listed as the largest and highest group of children at risk for addiction to alcohol and/or drugs; this is due to the genetic factor and the family environment in which they were raised (Kempfer, 1999). While Kempfer’s study lists environment as a contributing factor in the addiction of COAs, this may be a fraction of the overall reason. In a study done by Schuckit, Goodwin and Winokur (1972) the researchers found that COAs, even when separated from the depended parent and adopted by nondependent parents, continued to have a higher risk of abuse then biological children of nondependent parents. The increased risk is reported to be 2-9 fold greater than the average child of a nondependent parent. Nevertheless, environment cannot be ruled out entirely, two separate studies found that there was a strong connection between substance use/abuse by parents and substance use/abuse by their children. They both found that if a parent takes a substance it is almost inevitable that the child will eventually do the same. Some of the participants in the study reported that seeing their parents do the substance gave them the feeling that it was ok for them to also do the substance (Fawzy, Coombs, Gerber, 1983; Skiffington Brown 1981). Granted not all children follow this mold, but the studies found that as a general statement this will happen. Emotional effects on the child One of the most compiling reasons for research on this subject by a sociological researcher is the idea that family interactions and rituals become defined by the substance use and abuse of a family member. A great many studies have been done to determine just how much the family adjusts and readjusts to the alcoholic member and how these adjustments affect each member of the family. Families who are affected by alcoholism report much higher levels of conflict, stress and isolation then families naffected by this disease. Moos and Billings (1982) found that drinking is the primary factor of family disruption. They stated that a COAs family environment is often characterized by a lack of proper parenting, a lack of family communication, and poor home management. They also found that these deficiencies created a void of proper parental modeling on later needed parental skills. Moos and Billings study found that the void of a proper parental modeling will attribute to the COAs relationship problems later in life. They may encounter relationship troubles with their partners or their children. All families experience some problems; however families affected by alcoholism tend to experience a greater number of issues. These issues may all exist at the same time or may have been experienced at different times. The following is an example of some of the issues that may be experienced: increased family conflict, decreased family cohesion(unity), emotional and/or physical violence, family disorganization, family isolation, individual isolation, illness (mental and/or physical), and increased stress and work problems, financial issues and frequent family moves (Guebaly Offord, 1997). The moving of the family may be attributed to the stigma the alcoholic member has brought on the family through abuse or embarrassment or for financial reasons pertaining to loss of a job or income. Interestingly while alcohol dependent parents lack the skills and ability to provide proper structure and discipline for their children, they tend to demand their children be competent in a vast variety of skills and tasks at a much earlier age then children of non-dependent parents do (Kumpfur DeMarsh, 1986). This added pressure and extreme expectations tends to led to low self-esteem in the COA when the tasks cannot be completed. It may also cause anger and resentment towards the alcoholic parent. As the child grows older it becomes an area of great conflict between the COA and the addicted parent and could lead to the child leaving the home. One study found that 79% of child runaways and homeless adolescents report alcohol use in their childhood home, and 53% report a drinking problem in their childhood home (Booth, Zhang, 1996). Physical effects on the child Alcohol has been cited as an inciter to increased chances of child abuse. One study found that, when comparing parents with a history of alcohol abuse and parents without a history of alcohol abuse, the parents with a history of alcohol abuse had a higher potential for child abuse then the parents without an alcohol abuse problem. (Ammerman, Kolko, Kirisci, Blackson, Dawes,1999) The results of this study are backed by a separate study done at Columbia University. Researchers found that, as reported by child welfare professionals, three of every four child welfare professionals finds substance abuse to be the leading cause in child abuse since 1986. About 75. 7% of those same child welfare professionals finds that children of substance dependent parents are more likely to enter the foster care system and COAs stay in the system for a longer period of time then the other children do (Reid, Macchetto Foster; 1999). Often times it seems that one child will bear the brunt of the abuse more than his or her siblings. According to Tarter, Blackson, Martin, Loeber and Moss (1993) their study found that sons of alcohol dependent fathers received more damaging discipline from their parents then daughters of alcohol dependent fathers or sons and daughters of non-dependent fathers. In a similar study, it was found that mothers with an alcohol dependency problem were more likely to use corporal punishment on their children then mothers without an alcohol dependency problem. The strong likelihood of corporal punishment may account for the length variance of 24-29% (greater for COAs) when looking at inpatient admissions of COAs verse non-COAs. Of the reasons for admissions, the most prominent were substance abuse and mental disorders. In the same study, the researchers estimated that between 70% and 90% of all money spent on the child welfare systems is due to parental substance use/abuse (Reid, Macchetto Foster, 1999). Multiple theories have been formulated to try and explain what makes an alcoholic abusive. Miller, Maguin and Downs (1997) came up with three of their own. Their first theory is the Cognitive Disorganization hypothesis. This idea offers the explanation that the likelihood of violence increases due to the lack of communication among the family. The faltering communication is associated with the consumption of alcohol. When communication fails the alcohol dependent person may misinterpret general social cues, overestimate the presence of threat and underestimate the consequences of violent acts. Their second theory is the Deviance Disavowal hypothesis. This idea finds that the abuser removes the blame of the violence from him/herself and places it onto the alcohol. This action effectively minimizes their personal responsibility for their violent actions and removes all guilt they may feel. Their final theory is the Disinhibition hypothesis, this idea offers the explanation that alcohol has a pharmacological interference with the centers of the brain that inhibit socially acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. These theories are not a definitive answer, but they give some idea into what may be the reason for alcoholism and child abuse being so closely linked. Conclusion The studies have shown that a parents use and abuse of alcohol will affect their child in a negative way. While these studies still continue to be done, it seems that the number of children subjected to this life style still increases. It is impossible to deny that this is a real problem, as the COAs grow older and begin a life of their own, they risk repeating the cycle and subjecting more children to the same situation, or worse, then the one they were in. The studies have been done, now we need to find away to fix the problem before it gets any worse.

Important Element in the Storys Significance Essay Example for Free

Important Element in the Storys Significance Essay In the two short stories, Little Things by Carver and The End of Something by Hemingway, both authors make the title significant to the storys message. The title Little Things is somewhat ironic in that the word little could refer to the baby or could in fact be calling their argument petty, even though the child that they are fighting over is a major issue. This irony is significant to the story because even though the parents appear passionate about their infant, the argument clearly lies deeper. The title The End of Something could also refer to a number of things. In this story many things are coming to an end. The end of the mill and the town at Hortons Bay, the end of Nick and Marjories relationship, the end of their fishing trips and the end of their day. Both stories are about the end of relationships however, in Little Things the breakup is angry and violent whereas in The End of Something the breakup is calm and brief. The story Little Things is about the violent breakup of two parents. It is implied that they are married but Carver does not explicitly state this. The opening paragraph describes the weather and the time of day, which reflects the mood of the piece, the darkness of the evening mirroring the dark mood inside the house, it was getting dark. But it was getting dark on the inside too. This shows that although the mood was dark, it was not completely pitch black outside implying that there may still be a slight glimmer of hope for the young couple that is soon introduced. As the fight and the emotions become more reckless and brutal the light begins to fade, showing that all hope is lost. The characters in the story are not named. This gives their predicament a deeper sense of urgency and immediacy. This is used to great effect as when we first meet the man and women, the absence of names throws us directly into the middle of their quarrel. In this piece there is no need to build up the characters with a descriptive foreplay as it is not important to the story, making it more urgent. However in The End of Something we feel more sympathy for the characters as we have learned about them in more detail. From the line he was in the bedroom pushing clothes into a suitcase when she came through the door, we can deduce from the subtext that these people are in some kind of long-term relationship, and the second line of the same paragraph draws attention to the fact that they are having a heated argument. It is extremely common that in short stories a lot of information is insinuated rather than being clearly stated and so the reader must draw a meaning from the subtext. The woman is the first to speak. Carver does not use speech marks at all during the story in order to draw more immediacy to the article. The first line of speech Im glad youre leaving! Im glad youre leaving! Do you hear? shows that although the woman appears to be angry at her partner and glad that he is moving out it is easily noted that she in fact feels exactly the opposite. This is illustrated by the repetition of the line Im glad youre leaving showing that she is trying to reassure herself that she doesnt need him. This shows irony. The woman continues to barrage the man with slurs, son of a bitch, obviously in an attempt to provoke his attention and convince him to stay. When she states you cant even look me in the face can you? it is blatantly obvious that the man has had some kind of affair. The woman fails in catching the mans attention and therefore when she spies the babys picture on the bed she takes it, out of spite. The man follows her; turning off the bedroom light as he leaves symbolising the end of their relationship, looked around the bedroom before turning off the light. The baby is also not named showing that although it is the child that they are fighting over, the battle about more and the baby is merely a pawn in their game of spite or revenge. The man states I want the baby. This immediately provokes maternal instincts from the mother who rushes to keep her child. The infant is continuously referred to as the baby or this baby showing that their child is solely an object that the couple are focusing their anger on. The mans request for the baby is not because he necessarily wants the child from love but more because he sees it as a prize that he can win over the woman. Gradually their battle becomes more physical and violent as the man tries to take that baby from the woman, in the scuffle they knocked down a flowerpot. The baby senses the tension in the room and starts to cry which adds to the anxiety and desperation in the mood of the text, the baby had begun to cry. Throughout the rest of the story Carver intensifies the atmosphere by using urgent and effective words such as screaming, red faced, gripped and hurting. Nearing the end of the story the light is involved again, the kitchen window gave no light, this line exemplifies that there was no hope left for the couple and the baby. The lines become shorter to add to the fierce battle that the couple is suffering. The man and the woman both grab the child and pull it in different directions in a hope that one will triumph but we do not know the victor. The last line in this manner the issue was decided, leaves us pondering a number of possible out comes. The man or the woman may have succeeded in snatching the infant for themselves or they may have pulled their baby in two. If so the story appears to be a parody of the biblical story The Two Women and Solomon, in which a man offers to cut a baby in half to settle a quarrel between two woman as to who the mother of the baby is. In this story we are left with an ambiguous end. It is very common in short stories that the resolution of the story is left undecided, again leaving the reader to make their own conclusion from the clues given. The second short story The End of Something is also about the end of a relationship, however it is handled in a calmer and less violent manner. The first paragraph sets the scene of a calm deserted bay, once a busy lumbering town, now reduced to a citizen-free ghost town. The couple, Nick and Marjorie, are rowing through this bay in a calm fashion they were trolling along the edge of the channel bank, but they soon head towards dark water which shows that they are heading towards trouble. They are rowing soundlessly until Marjorie breaks the silence and begins to talk about the old mill on the shore, describing it as our old ruin; this shows that their relationship stretches back a long way. Nick answers unenthusiastically. Marjorie tries to keep up the conversation describing it as a castle, which shows that she sees their ruin in a fairy-tale manner. However Nick is still distant which makes Marjorie have to work hard to keep their conversation alive. Marjorie appears to love everything about their fishing trips. She obviously loves Nick very much and is enjoying spending time with him, She loved to fish. She loved to fish with Nick. Clearly Nick is quite qualified at fishing and Marjorie tries to make him feel good by putting him in charge and asking him questions to boost his ego, Theyre feeding, Marjorie said. But they wont strike, Nick said. By this Nick means that he will not strike that night. The couple carries out their actions of fishing with scarce communication and we can tell that something is clearly upsetting Nick as Marjorie is trying to provoke conversation but to no avail. When Marjorie questions Nick Whats the matter Nick? he replies I dont know. The couple set out a picnic on the beach but we can tell that Nick is merely going through the motions as he says I dont feel like eating and all it takes is one line from Marjorie and he agrees.

Zappos Organizational Structure Chart Marketing Essay

Zappos Organizational Structure Chart Marketing Essay All the organizations which meets up with there goals and reach greater heights are because they make there costumers satisfied and do not hang back to fulfill the needs of the costumers. Zappos is one of the upcoming e-commerce web site, which is reaching to greater heights of the success very quickly. It is one of the co-operations that deal in shoes and now expanding towards electronics, fashion and many more products. This company start up was in 1999 and less than 10 years it became a billon dollar co-operation. The question which arises here is that how does Zappos manage to hold their clients for a long run. The trust, honesty and clientage, which Zappos develop in a costumer, is the reason for the same. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT History, origins, structure, activities (Anna Levina) The history of founding company Zappos began in 1999 with Nick Swinmurn who was working at that time as a Webmaster for Silicon Graphics. Nick was walking around a mall in San- Francisco. He wanted to buy a special pair of shoes with a special colour, style, brand and size. After long searching he was not able to find a pair of specific shoes and came back to home. At home he tried to find online a nice pair of boot, but again he was unsuccessful. At that time there were online stores with selling shoes, but there was no online retailer who focused primarily on selling shoes. He thought why not to be first online shoes retailer. With $150,000, Swinmurn started his online shop Shoesite.com in June of 1999 in San Francisco. Later on Shoesite.com has been renamed to Zappos.com (the name came from Spanish word zapatos which means shoes). In 2000 Tony Hsieh (24) jointed to Zappos.com. At the beginning to fulfil orders that were placed online Zappos redirected orders to major shoes distributors to deliver shoes to customers. In 2000 company already had 30 employees and gross sales of $1.6 million. As Zappos rapidly grew, order fulfilment became a challenge. Zappos could not always guarantee the timeliness of supplier drop shipments to individual customers. To meet the expectations of its online retail customers, Zappos acquired its own warehouse and fulfilment centre in Kentucky. In 2003 gross sales of Zappos rose to $70 million. In 2004 they moved head office from San- Francisco to Las Vegas (Nevada). In the end of 2005 the annual revenue at Zappos.com reached $370 million. By 2006, Zappos.com revenue was $597 million. Since 2007 Zappos extended its product categories with including eyewear, handbags, clothing, watches and kids goods. Ebags.coms footwear and accessories e-tailer 6pm.com is acquired by Zappos.Gross sales at Zappos hit $840 million. Online shop had over 1200 brands and 200,000 different styles (P. Robbins, 2009). In 2008 Zappos Insights is launched to help leaders, managers, and employees from other businesses to learn success of Zappos. Gross sales at Zappos hit $1 billion. In 2009 Amazon purchases Zappos.com for $1.2 billion (Zappos Tony Hsieh Delivers Happiness Through Service and Innovation, 2011, para 17). In 2009 Zappos.com was ranked # 23 Fortunes Top 100 Companies to Work For, 2010- # 15, 2011- # 6, 2012- went down # 11. (100 Best Companies To Work For, 2011-2012) The company has an informal organisation structure. The company represents 10 departments, which include; Zappos.com, Inc. implies Facilities- including the responsibilities of food and vending for Zappos and also shipping and receiving, office supplies and equipment, maintenance, cleaning in Las-Vegas, Henderson. Finance  Treasury And Accounting Help Desk- includes scheduling, travel, shuttle services and the last one organizing events. Human Resources- members contacts, benefits, recruiting. IT- it can help a company to keep systems up and working efficiently. Legal- legal requirements to safe and prevent risks for Zappos Family of Companies. Pipeline Team- The aim is to support growth and learning which involves all system of training (4 week), where teachers teach new workers about Zappos Family Culture and how to amaze customers. As well as they teach management classes like Microsoft Office. Zappos IP, Inc. which is included; Development (Software) Project Management Team Zappos Development, Inc. Content Team- these team are responsible for writing the product descriptions Creative Services drafting WEB design CS creates the look and feel of the site Marketing. The User Experience Humans- Their aim is to always improve the quality of online website with utilization of interface, organization of figures, interactive design, where clients could find everything what they need. Zappos Merchandising, Inc. is included developing relation with vendors and purchasing the products. Zappos Fulfilment Centres, Inc. contains storeroom, logistics and delivery of the products. Warehouse around 80,000 sq.m Conveyors length -280m Zappos CLT, Inc. calls, live chats and emails. Online shop customer service works 24 hours, seven day per week. Zappos Insights, Inc. Culture Training, Customer Service Training. Zappos Gift Cards, Inc. They only can sell gift cards. Zappos Retail, Inc. online store on Zappos.com 6pm.com, LLC -online seller on 6pm.com Unlike other shoe companies, Zappos.com became the first company in the world by free shipping on the next day and return the product 365 days per year (The Zappos phenomenon, 2012). ZAPPOS Organizational Structure Chart Customer Customer Focused Team Customer Focused Team Customer Focused Team Customer Focused Team Professional services Marketing QA / Support System OPS Sales Finance Admin HR Product Chief Operating Officer VP Operations Chief Financial Officer Chief Executive Officer Culture of the company (Paula Prieto Cisneros) That sounds like a Cinderella story and from afar one could see it that way. But there were no guarantees it would work and Zappos could have crashed and burned a few times. Tony summed up the company perfectly when he said Back in 2003, we thought of ourselves as a shoe company that offered great service. Today, we really think of the Zappos brand as about great service and we just happen to sell shoes. (A Lesson from Zappos , 2011) Zappos as an individual company has their own unique culture, which is based in the Zappos Family Core Values. Zappos has grown a lot as a company and it became more important expressing the essential values from which Zappos development three of their most important things inside of the company: culture, product and industry strategies. Zappos company has ten values but the ones that are related to the employees and the actions that happen inside if the company are: Pursue Growth and Learning, which means that employees need to grow in two areas: personality and professionally. Yet no matter how much better we get, well always have hard work to do, well never be done, and well never get it right. (Zappos.com) Build a Positive Team and Family Spirit. This is one of the most important aspects of their culture inasmuch as they place a lot of emphasis on it. Zappos family believes in while employees work well in their own, they need to be able to work better with people from the company and also with each other outside the office atmosphere. Be humble: as the word humble says, Zappos are always concerned that doesnt matter if they have grown quickly and with success, they will always have challenges to overcome. Furthermore, they have a sentence that says that no matter what kind of challenges they have because they need to be considerate with their co-workers. Another of their values in their inimitable culture is what they call do more with less. This means that their tasks are never complete or fixed and employees need to do as much as they can with big labours. Furthermore, those operations have to be done seriously. And while the company tries to become the best company worldwide, they want their employees to be the best. The last value that affect the internal environment of the company is what they call be passionate and determined, which means that workers need to be positive and optimistic in order to become a better company. This is reflected in the position of Zappos corporation. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Paula Prieto Cisneros: Historical and social perspective of Zappos Zappos website had made a huge progress in the past few weeks- Nick said. Zappos was getting $2000 worth of orders a week and the number of clients was growing. First of all, Zappos was not making money because when a command was ordered, the owner ran to the resident shoe shop, purchase the product and then transport it to the costumer. After that, the owner (Nick) decided to start a website to demonstrate that costumers would be enthusiastic to buy their shoes on the Internet, therefore Zappos corporation would take commands from clients online, then transfer the order to the creator of the different brands and styles, which would send the product directly to the clients of Zappos. This was what they called drop ship relationship, which existed in many businesses dedicated to other fields. However, they were the first shoe company. Furthermore, drop shipping was one of the most important causes that made costumers buy Zappos products. (Hsieh, 2010) According to the social perspective of Zappos, the owner of the company wanted employees to use the social networking sites and the internet to create a real relation with costumers in order to overcome one their core values, which is called build open and honest relationships with communication. Hence, Zappos employees Hence, Zappos workers have presence in different social sites such as: The first one is Twitter, as we know nowadays Twitter is the second social networking site worldwide, after Facebook. Zappos corporation has its own Twitter account with five hundred worker recorded. Furthermore, the owner of the company is one of the most followed people on Twitter, with 1.85 million of followers. The aim of this, apart of creating relation with costumers, is the employees to use their accounts in order to have a spontaneous communication instead of the classic communication such as promotions or advertisings. (Kelly, 2011) Another social site that Zappos use is YouTube. As a modern company, it has subjects in it, which complements their other nets. In their YouTube account, Zappos can post videos, which show their culture, family and the company itself. Furthermore, they also post clips, employees interests, experiences, etc. Zappos has an account in the first social networking site worldwide called Facebook. They use it, apart of promote their business, to discuss with costumers about the outcomes of their corporation, in an effectively and realistic manner. The last social site that Zappos use are blogs. Nowadays, many companies use them in order to have a closer relation with the clients. Zappos use them to discuss with their costumers about different topics. Some examples of Zappos blogs are: CEO blog, Fashion Culture, etc. Cultural, geographical and financial perspectives (Sajal Garg) What is culture? Cultural in a business considering external environment can be defined as the relationship between the consumer and the service provider. Zappos has a great relation with their customers. They provide a WOW service to them, which is entirely a different way, which can even, be beyond ones imagination. The service department works on innovative and unconventional ideas for the same. The current director of the company also mentioned that WOW service is something, which is not related to the money directly. This kind of service is good for the companys status and customers attraction for the long run. All the customers are treated in the same way and in a better way. There are 24*7 hot line services, which provide one to one live chat service. Zappos build a strong, positive and honest relation with the customers, which normally lacks in many of the service providers working in the same field. This is one of the reasons why Zappos is growing on a faster pace. They want every customer to be emotionally attached to them and provide the kind-hearted, welcoming, loyal treatment. This accomplishes the hardest task of the company, which is to build trust between the consumer and Zappos. The communication between the buyer and the seller should be true and Zappos follow the same policy and is honest with their customers which is effective and open too. Good communication always reaches a mile more than a normal communication. (Zappos Family Core Values, 2010) Geographic or location is one of the key factors of any organization. Zappos has a number of corporate offices, workshops and head quarters all over the world. But the most recent and fascinating on is in Las Vegas, Nevada USA. Which is recently built on a large track of land, approximately consisting of more than 150,000 sq. ft. The developer of Las Vegas, Mr. Liberman supports and explains how has the city grown in past few years. When Zappos wanted to shift the headquarters to Las Vegas the council of the city asked the company to make use of the City Hall Building which is the part of the governing body. After spending the amount of $65 million finishes the renovation, the company will hire 1200 new employees and provide them accommodation to almost 2000 employees. (Dodds, 2011) Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh has a sharp brain of marketing. He started sponsoring events like start up businesses, first Friday, etc. The repositioning of Zappos headquarter will generate an atmosphere for more people to set up business and will also give motivation to people to life in the city. Zappos employees are happy working in that company and the prove of the same is when a survey tell that Zappos stand at fourth position amongst top 100 best companies to work for. The improvement in the building is not cheap; the expense for the same is $40 million. And during this recreation of the building there will be more than 100 construction job done. This is not finished yet, the businesses which will gain profit because of Zappos plan of shifting the headquarter are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Food services and drinking places à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Real estate establishments à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Physicians, dentists and other health care providers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Employment services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Couriers and messengers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Private hospitals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Private household operations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Retail Stores Food and beverage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Retail Stores General merchandise (Riggleman, 2012) The tense attention to the costumer and then type of honest service provided to the costumers have helped Zappos to reach to a level of being a billion dollar company per year in less than a span of 10 years. Being the sole proprietor of making and selling a million pair of shoes, not the company is moving to words making more products like electronic products, fashion products and many more. Hsieh also adds that he would enhance the customer experience as it generates customer repetition. Zappos will also spend a small amount of money in advertising as they did last year, which was $18 million. The reputation build of this company is because of the services like free delivery overseas, promotional upgrades, 365 days exchange policy and most importantly 24*7-customer care service. (Borden, 2012) Conclusion Concluding this whole report about Zappos, we can say that Zappos is a company that came up to the greater heights in the shoe market and enhanced their financial and economical position really well in a short span of time. According to the history of the company, Zappos started up the business in 1999 and from 2000 to 2003 the company touched the greater heights of sky and success, which is an impressive progress for a company as in order to grow, expand and be a billion dollar company in a short period of time. Furthermore, the culture followed by Zappos makes it unique, as they always targeted to have a big family (inside of the company with more employees) while having the best communication with the costumers, according to the 10 core values. The most exclusive and matchless service provided by Zappos to their costumers is the WOW service, in which the costumer is being satisfied beyond his or her imagination. Moreover, the owner and the CEO of the company have incredible power of judging a business outcomes and new areas where he could put his feet in, which is seen through the accomplishment of it. In addition to this, the company has a very optimistic, hospitable and a true relation with the cli ents, which makes the working scenario creative, attractive and open to any ideas of suggestions from employees and clients. Adding to Zappos never advertised before but started it few years before and spent a small amount of money ($18 million) on the same in 2010. According to the activities that Zappos perform, the main part is to manufacture and do the marketing for shoes but from 2007 they started mounting their business into fashion industry making different types of products such as bags, sunglasses, clothing, electronic products, etc. One the most important actions that made costumers buy Zappos products was the drop ship, which was a totally new strategy never done before. Furthermore, serving the costumers by 24*7 through a service hotline and live chats, which builds honest relation between clients and Zappos family. We think that this type of service is lacking in most of the companies who are dealing in this business environment. As Zappos decided to shift the headquart er to Las Vegas, promising the government to give employment and use the RGS building, which will benefit the government through taxes and revenues. In contrast to this, businesses like food services, real estate, health care centres, private house holdings, retail stores and many more businesses, were benefited in a positive manner. As this is not the end of Zappos history until now and we live in a modern world, which has a lot of resources and opportunities, Zappos company will keep growing and expanding their business to different countries, and maybe to other continents.

Convergent and Divergent Product Technology :: Expository Essays Research Papers

Convergent and Divergent Product Technology Every day we encounter different convergent and divergent products. Some people like the idea of a do everything Personal Digital Assistant, while others enjoy different products used for different things. Convergence can be defined as the occurrence of two or more things coming together. On the other hand, divergence is the tendency to move apart or evolve in different directions. In the instance of modern-technologies and their use in the information age, convergence and divergence play a large role in how new products are manufactured and marketed. There are many examples throughout history demonstrating the evolution of products in terms of convergence and divergence. Evolution of products leads to the current products on the market. These current products and historical trends of product evolution can give us an insight into what is in-store for the future of various forms of media. The dynamic innovations of convergent and divergent products continue to change throughout the in formation age. We can gain an understanding of how current forms of convergent and divergent media have come to be through a tour of a brief historical retrospect. Early on, accessible public technology was limited to the radio, television, and telephone. Each form of media was known as a divergent product. People seemed rather content with this simple way of living and had no trouble doing one thing at a time. Perhaps the first known convergence was the TV dinner. Families could now multitask; they could watch television and eat their meal in front of the television. As humorous as this may seem as a form of technology, this way of thinking paved the way for modern convergent products. Not until technologies became available in the nineties did convergent products become the norm. With the development of the laptop, the cellular phone, and the walkman people started to understand the potential of transportable and compactable technologies. These early technological breakthroughs became more advanc ed and people demanded more features. In time, these features would transform divergent products into convergent products. An evolution of convergent and divergent technologies has brought the market for divergent technologies into the information age. Soon, the radio could play cassettes and compact discs, the television could play VHS-tapes and DVDs, and the cellular phone can do just about anything. The laptop originated this convergent phenomenon with the competition of its size. Laptops became so small that they were deemed the name palm-pilot sometime in the mid-nineties due to the ability to fit in one’s palm.

Evolution in the United States Education System Essay -- Essays Papers

Evolution in the United States Education System In July of 1925, a Tennessee high school teacher named John Scopes sat in a court room facing a violation of state law by teaching evolution, the idea that human beings and monkeys share a similar ancestry. This was no ordinary trial, this was the â€Å"trial of the century†; it featured heavy media attention, it was a battle between two of the best attorneys in the nation, and it raised many questions about evolution and creation, the theory that human beings were put on Earth by God. Today, these questions still are not answered, with cases and debates still popping up 78 years after the famous â€Å"monkey trial,† with the same issues at hand: creation versus evolution (Futuyma 6). The evolution theory goes back to the times of the Greeks, who believed that humans went through a form of evolution. Later on in the 18th and 19th centuries, many scientists and philosophers from Europe wrote theories pertaining to evolution. Finally, in 1859 On the Origins of Species, a book on observations by Englishman Charles Darwin, was published explaining his theory, that in the long run, the fittest of all species survive, passing on different characteristics to help the next generation survive. This theory changed the aspects of biology and sparked much controversy in society. Beginning in the 1870s in the United States, about ten years after Darwin released his controversial book, Southern Christians began to fight the idea of evolution, while in the North, much was not made of the topic. It was almost completely ignored. In the early 1900s, teaching of evolution had become pretty normal in an American elementary, middle, or high school, although sometimes with some controversy. In the... ...d J. (1998). Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion. Boston: Harvard University Press. Levenson, J.C. (2004). The age of Darwin. Raritan, 23 (3). 115-149. Linder, Douglas. (2002). Tennessee vs. John Scopes Monkey Trial. Retrieved April 19, 2004, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/scopes.htm Morgan, Jeffrey P. (2003) Reading race into the Scopes trial. Journal of American History, 90 (3). 891. Robinson, B.A. Teaching of Evolution of U.S. schools. Retrieved: March 30, 2004, from http://religioustolerance.org/ev_school.htm Shultz, Lynne H. Summary of Evolution in Public Schools. Retrieved: April 19, 2004, from http://infidels.org/activist/state/evolution.shtml Scopes, John T. & Presley, James. (1967). Center of the Storm. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston Books

Surrendering Freedom for Peace of Mind :: Technology Technological Papers

Surrendering Freedom for Peace of Mind A glance back into history illustrates many eras that have come and gone which have left their mark on the world and its people. The industrial revolution changed the face of modern society and yet there is no comparison between its effect and that of the computer. Today, it is difficult to find an area of our lives that computer technology has not touched. The recent attempt by the longshoremen in California to strike was a prime example of the fear of computer technology that many feel. These men stated that they wanted guarantees that they would not lose their jobs as the freight industry becomes more and more computerized. Conversely, the shipping magnets are trying to compete in a world where the computer dominates the way freight is handled and they fear they are being forced to let progress pass them by. We were recently asked in class if anyone could identify a â€Å"computer free† part of our world. No one offered a suggestion since it is intuitive that the computer dominates all areas of our lives. Examples range from how we travel, the way our food is grown, what we eat, how we place restaurant orders, the size of food portions, the practice of medicine, how we shop, what we buy, how it gets to our home. There are countless other examples that could help to illustrate this point. Technologies that we could not even imagine a few short years ago are now common, accepted parts of our daily lives. We have passed through eras of information, networking and e-mail. Are we quickly headed to the point where we have lost all privacy and freedom? Are we moving to the era of personal invasion? Or are we already there? And more importantly, do we care? Have we been on the â€Å"slippery slope† so long that we have lost track of where we are headed and what we are leaving behind? One of the most troubling technologies being developed are highly precise tracking devices which can be used to detect the whereabouts of humans anywhere on earth. We are all familiar with the â€Å"teathers† that our probationers wear around their ankles. They are â€Å"free† to move around and live a relatively normal life since they can sleep at home, drive vehicles and maintain employment while being tracked by a teather officer. Surrendering Freedom for Peace of Mind :: Technology Technological Papers Surrendering Freedom for Peace of Mind A glance back into history illustrates many eras that have come and gone which have left their mark on the world and its people. The industrial revolution changed the face of modern society and yet there is no comparison between its effect and that of the computer. Today, it is difficult to find an area of our lives that computer technology has not touched. The recent attempt by the longshoremen in California to strike was a prime example of the fear of computer technology that many feel. These men stated that they wanted guarantees that they would not lose their jobs as the freight industry becomes more and more computerized. Conversely, the shipping magnets are trying to compete in a world where the computer dominates the way freight is handled and they fear they are being forced to let progress pass them by. We were recently asked in class if anyone could identify a â€Å"computer free† part of our world. No one offered a suggestion since it is intuitive that the computer dominates all areas of our lives. Examples range from how we travel, the way our food is grown, what we eat, how we place restaurant orders, the size of food portions, the practice of medicine, how we shop, what we buy, how it gets to our home. There are countless other examples that could help to illustrate this point. Technologies that we could not even imagine a few short years ago are now common, accepted parts of our daily lives. We have passed through eras of information, networking and e-mail. Are we quickly headed to the point where we have lost all privacy and freedom? Are we moving to the era of personal invasion? Or are we already there? And more importantly, do we care? Have we been on the â€Å"slippery slope† so long that we have lost track of where we are headed and what we are leaving behind? One of the most troubling technologies being developed are highly precise tracking devices which can be used to detect the whereabouts of humans anywhere on earth. We are all familiar with the â€Å"teathers† that our probationers wear around their ankles. They are â€Å"free† to move around and live a relatively normal life since they can sleep at home, drive vehicles and maintain employment while being tracked by a teather officer.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 11

Simon hadn't had a lot to give me, but just like every other time I'd gotten an energy fix recently, I had the dream. It played out the same as always, starting with the dishes, going all the way up to when my dream-self looked into the living room to smile at the little girl. After a few more moments, my dream-self returned to her dishes. Silently, I screamed at her to look back. I couldn't get enough of the girl. I wanted to drink her in. I could have watched her forever, taking in those long-lashed eyes and wispy curls. Then, as though she could hear me, my dream-self glanced back into the other room. The girl was gone. My dream-self jerked her hands out of the water, just in time to hear a thump and a crash. The sound of crying followed, and then I woke up. It was late morning, and my energy was gone. That honestly didn't surprise me anymore. Coupled with that loss, however, was a new sensation. I felt cold, chilled to the bone. My skin also felt wet, like I'd been submerged in water. When I ran my fingers over my arm, it was perfectly dry. Nonetheless, I put on the heaviest sweater I could find, and eventually the chill abated. Work was busy and not particularly eventful until the end, when Maddie casually reminded me about us hanging out afterward. I nearly walked into a display when she said that. In my haste yesterday, I'd gone ahead and made plans with both Maddie and Seth for after work. I had a tendency to do that kind of thing when I was stressed. I felt so popular. And, as I often did in this kind of situation, I solved it by combining both of my mistakes into one solution. â€Å"Maddie wanted to hang out tonight,† I told Seth. â€Å"I think she's lonely. Mind if I bring her in for the babysitting thing?† â€Å"Sure,† he said, not looking up from his laptop. â€Å"Seth wanted help babysitting tonight,† I told Maddie. â€Å"Do you mind if we sort of make that our evening activity?† Maddie gave the proposition a bit more thought than Seth had. She didn't look upset so much as puzzled. â€Å"I haven't really been around many kids. It's not that I don't like them†¦just that it's always kind of weird.† â€Å"His nieces are great,† I assured her. â€Å"You'll be a convert.† I felt a little bad about strong-arming her into the Mortensen family adventure. She stayed silent for most of the ride up, keeping her thoughts to herself. Seth's family lived up north of the city, in Lake Forest Park. Their house looked exactly like the other ones on the street, but I suspected it was a necessary sacrifice in order to accommodate two adults and five girls. â€Å"Oh my God,† said Maddie when we stepped inside the house. All five Mortensen daughters were there. They ranged in age from four to fourteen, all sharing their mother's blond hair and blue eyes. We seemed to have walked into the middle of an argument. â€Å"Maybe†¦this wasn't such a good idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I looked around the room. Seth had gotten there earlier, and Terry and Andrea had already left to do their shopping. Fourteen-year-old Brandy tried to make her voice heard over that of Kendall, who was nine and the twins McKenna and Morgan who were six. Only four-year-old Kayla, sitting on the couch beside her uncle, listened quietly. I couldn't even tell what the others were fighting about. â€Å"It can spin webs!† cried Kendall. â€Å"No, it can't. That's just its name.† Brandy looked weary. The others weren't paying attention to her. â€Å"The horn would slice the webs!† cried McKenna. Morgan backed her by making a chopping motion with her hand. â€Å"Not if the monkey trapped it first,† retorted Kendall. â€Å"The unicorn can run fast. The monkey couldn't catch it.† â€Å"Then it's a coward!† Kendall looked triumphant. â€Å"It loses automatically if it doesn't show up for the fight.† Both twins appeared stumped by this bit of logic. â€Å"This is a stupid argument,† said Brandy. â€Å"Unicorns aren't real.† The other three girls turned on her and started shouting their protests. â€Å"HEY!† I yelled over the cacophony. Everyone fell silent and looked at me. I don't think the girls had noticed my arrival. â€Å"What's going on?† â€Å"A debate over who would win if a unicorn got in a fight with a spider monkey,† said Seth. Beside me, Maddie made a strange noise that sounded suspiciously like a squelched laugh. â€Å"It's been compelling and well thought out,† added Seth, his voice deadpan. Brandy groaned. â€Å"Unicorns aren't real.† â€Å"Spider monkeys aren't real!† McKenna shot back. â€Å"Yes, they are,† said Brandy. â€Å"This is all pointless.† Kendall glared at her. â€Å"It's hypocritical.† â€Å"Hypothetical,† I corrected. â€Å"Don't worry,† Seth told Maddie and me. â€Å"It's downright civil compared to the mermaid-centaur debate.† â€Å"Guys,† I said. â€Å"This is Maddie.† I ticked off the girls' names for her, one by one. â€Å"Hi,† said Maddie nervously. She eyed each girl, then looked at Seth uncertainly. She'd been acting differently around him since the auction, and I made a mental note to harass him about their date. â€Å"This might have been a bad idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He smiled one of those sweet smiles that could make anyone feel better. She smiled back, relaxing a little. â€Å"Nope. We need all the help we can get around here.† He rose, scooping up Kayla as he rose. â€Å"What I actually need is a distraction while everyone under age nine gets put to bed.† The twins cried out in dismay. I glanced at Brandy and Kendall. â€Å"Sounds easy enough.† â€Å"Don't speak so soon,† warned Brandy. Kendall was already in motion. She tore out of the room and returned with a long cardboard box that she nearly shoved into my face. â€Å"Look what Grandma sent me.† It was a Monopoly game. â€Å"The Industrial Revolution edition?† I asked dumbfounded. â€Å"It's about the only edition they hadn't made yet,† remarked Seth. â€Å"I think they're kind of grasping at straws.† â€Å"You got that for Christmas?† I asked. â€Å"You wanted it for Christmas?† â€Å"I want to be a real estate mongrel when I grow up,† she explained. â€Å"Mogul,† I corrected. â€Å"And I thought you wanted to be a pirate?† She gave me a pitying look. â€Å"They don't have very good health insurance.† I pointed to the box. â€Å"But why the Industrial Revolution? Wouldn't you have rather had, I don't know, the Barbie edition? Or the Sephora edition?† I kind of wanted that last one for myself. â€Å"The Industrial Revolution was an important period in Western Civilization. The developments in production and manufacturing forever changed the face of our culture and socioeconomic status.† She paused. â€Å"You wanna play?† â€Å"Is one of the pieces a spinning jenny?† asked Maddie. Seth laughed. â€Å"Actually, it is.† â€Å"I'm in,† she said. Kayla, who was in Seth's arms, appeared on the verge of falling asleep then and there. Her cuddly form reminded me of the dream girl, and my heart lurched. Suddenly, Monopoly held little appeal. I walked over to Seth. â€Å"Tell you what. You play, and I'll take bedtime duty.† â€Å"You sure?† â€Å"Positive.† He passed her off, and she wrapped her little arms around my neck. With the twins in tow, I left the others to set up the game. Maddie looked distinctly uncomfortable at being abandoned, but I knew she'd do fine. Sometimes being forced to socialize was the best way to learn. The twins were surprisingly easy to put to bed, probably because they slept in the same room. Going to bed wasn't such a big deal when you had a sister to whisper to and giggle with. I supervised the brushing of teeth and putting on of pajamas, then closed them in with warnings that I'd check back. Still balancing Kayla on one hip, I carried her to the room she shared with Kendall. Kayla almost never said anything, so I wasn't particularly surprised when she didn't protest having a pink nightgown pulled over her head and being tucked under the covers. I sat on the edge of her bed and handed her a stuffed unicorn I'd found on the floor. She wrapped it in her arms. â€Å"I think it could take the spider monkey,† I told her. Kayla said nothing but just watched me with those huge blue eyes. They were filled with such trust and sweetness – just like my daughter in the dream. How amazing would it be to do this every night? To tuck someone in and kiss her forehead, then wake up with her each morning? Suddenly, fearing I might cry in front of a four-year-old, I started to rise. To my complete astonishment, she held out her hand and touched my arm. â€Å"Georgina.† Her voice was small and soprano and sweet. I sat back down. â€Å"Hmm?† â€Å"Don't leave,† she said. â€Å"Oh, honey. I have to. You need to sleep.† â€Å"Monsters will come.† â€Å"What monsters?† â€Å"The bad ones.† â€Å"Ah. I see. Are they under your bed?† I was pretty sure that's where most monsters lived. Aside from the ones I played poker with and bought Secret Santa presents for. She shook her head and pointed up at the ceiling. â€Å"They live there. In space.† â€Å"Are they aliens?† As much as I hated the thought of her being afraid to go to bed, I was rather enchanted to be having a conversation with her for the first time ever. She was as articulate as all the other girls – not that I should have been surprised by that. â€Å"No. They're monsters. They swoop in the air and go in people's dreams.† I caught on to her reluctance to sleep now. â€Å"Have you been having nightmares?† â€Å"No. But the monsters are there. I feel them.† Something about her words and the serious set of her face sent a chill down my spine. â€Å"You want me to stay until you fall asleep? Will that keep them away?† â€Å"Maybe,† she said. She touched my arm again. â€Å"You're magic.† I wondered then if Kayla might be a psychic in the making, like Erik or Dante. The way she spoke implied more than a childhood belief in magic. There was almost an authority there. She'd be worth keeping an eye on, but I wouldn't pursue anything now. I certainly wasn't going to start quizzing her about auras. â€Å"Okay,† I said. â€Å"I'll stay.† I lay down beside her, and she studied me in silence. I began humming an old song, which made her smile and close her eyes. When I finished, she opened her eyes again. â€Å"What are the words?† â€Å"Eh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That was hard to answer. It was a song from my mortal life, one that had been composed in an ancient Cyprian dialect no one spoke anymore. My husband used to sing it to me. Knowing I couldn't reproduce the rhymes or any sort of good translation on the spot, I simply sang it to her in the original language. The syllables, familiar yet strange, came awkwardly to my lips. When I finished, Kayla didn't say anything or move. I waited a couple more minutes and slowly got out of the bed. She continued sleeping. Turning off the light, I left the room and returned to the Monopoly players. Seth smiled at my approach and made room for me beside him on the floor. â€Å"Luddites burn your mill. Pay five-hundred dollars.† Brandy grimaced at her Chance card. â€Å"Weak.† â€Å"That's not as much as I had to pay when the Factory Acts cut my child labor force a couple turns ago,† Maddie pointed out. As I'd hoped, she seemed perfectly at ease now. Kendall rolled the dice and moved her miniature pewter Oliver Twist book ahead three spaces. â€Å"I wish I had a job, so I could save capitalism for my investments.† â€Å"Capital,† the rest of us said in unison. Kendall glanced up at me. â€Å"I could work at your bookstore. Under the table.† â€Å"Like stacking books under the table?† asked Brandy. Kendall ignored her. â€Å"Don't you need extra help?† I ruffled her hair. â€Å"Not until you're of age, I'm afraid.† Maddie moved her pewter spinning jenny. â€Å"Yeah, haven't you learned anything from this game? You'd get us shut down. Georgina doesn't need that kind of paperwork.† â€Å"How's your manager job?† asked Brandy. â€Å"Is it harder?† â€Å"Mostly it's†¦different.† Kendall brightened. â€Å"I could have your old job.† â€Å"Sorry. No vacancy. Maddie took my place.† Kendall sighed. Seth landed on a silk mill no one had purchased yet and began rustling up money. â€Å"The girls go to bed okay?† â€Å"Yeah†¦Kayla had a hard time, though. She was worried about nightmares.† He looked up in surprise. â€Å"She told you that? She, like, spoke?† â€Å"Yeah, we had a whole discourse. Laughed, cried, shared our hopes and fears. I think she has an oratorical career ahead of her.† â€Å"What's ‘oratorical' mean?† asked Kendall. â€Å"It refers to speaking in public,† Maddie explained. â€Å"Giving speeches. Talking in front of others.† â€Å"Oh. Uncle Seth doesn't have an oratorical career.† We all laughed. â€Å"No,† agreed Maddie. â€Å"He doesn't. I certainly don't either.† Seth high-fived her. â€Å"Introverts unite.† Brandy picked up another Chance card and groaned. â€Å"Cholera outbreak! Not again!† When the night finally ended and Seth's brother and sister-in-law came home, I was happy to learn that Maddie had had a really good time. â€Å"Kids aren't so bad as long as they're brainiac Mortensen offspring. Terry and Andrea were nice too. Good genes in that group.† â€Å"Yup,† I agreed. Maddie definitely needed more socialization, I decided. She was cheerful and upbeat, her eyes sparkling and excited. This had been a good night. I dropped her off at Doug's and drove back to my apartment. The parking gods weren't with me tonight, and I ended up about five blocks away. As I walked, I passed a newspaper dispenser for the Seattle Times. I usually read the headlines at the store but hadn't today. I paused in front of it, one article catching my eye. It was a weird story about a local man who'd turned delusional. He'd had a dream that if he swam across Puget Sound, it would bring wealth and security to his struggling family. Sadly, he hadn't made it very far before drowning in the freezing waters. The ironic part was that although some might consider the feat suicidal, his massive life insurance policy was going to pay out. His family would get their wealth and security after all. Staring blankly at the paper, I thought about the poor man succumbing and disappearing under the dark waves. I suddenly flashed back to this morning, and it was like I could feel the cold, wet sensation all over again. For half a second, I couldn't breathe. It was as though my lungs were filling with water, suffocating me. I shuddered and absentmindedly ran my hands over my arms, the d? ¦j? ¤ vu nearly overpowering me. Water. Water everywhere. Cold. Black. Smothering†¦ I shivered and finally made myself start walking again, needing to find someplace warm.

Nature of childhood Essay

at that place are many aspects of early years practice which put on their origins in the ago and which reflect particular ideas about the temper of puerility. It can be argued that it is important to find out these aspects so as to understand catamenia interpretations of early years practice. Discuss with quotation to the philosophies of two key historical figures. sure early years practices such as play, a stimulating environment, the role of the practitioner, and recognising the boors parents as playing a key role in their training originate from theories that were made in the past.The next pages will outline the influential ideas of Friedrich Froebel and Dr. mare Montessori and discuss them in relation to the on-going ideas relating to the above topics. Before the nineteenth century, puerility was not seen as a roll of life separate from maturity. Instead, the concept of puerility was regarded as an immature form of adulthood (Wood, E. 1996) pip-squeakren were regarded as being rude(a)ly grievous and so education was not prioritised. approximately children sayt the values of life through labour alongside adults.Into the nineteenth century, and with the concept of buffer sin dropped, three different hitchs of childhood and education arose. The nativist side is the view that children are born with a pre-programmed reading path style. The empiricist view believes that each child is an read/write headless vessel waiting to be filled, and the interactionist view recognises that children do have pre-programmed ideas whilst understanding the twist that the childs socio-cultural surrounding has on his education. (Bruce, T. 1997)At the moment, the interactionist view is the most ordinary method of educating children (Ibid) and professionals regard both Friedrich Froebel and female horse Montessori as interactionists. However, both approached the development of childhood from a very different angle. Friedrich Froebel believed that The charitable being is born for research and he is to practice it even as a child (Anonymous, 2000,p1) He assumed that children have to investigate the inner properties of things in order to discover hidden influences and causes.Froebel also considered children as being naturally good suggesting that this morality could be harnessed and fostered through hold up care and education. (ibid) and so developed a redundant environment where children could grow and learn. This he called his Kindergarten or garden for the children. Froebel also considered the spiritual, physical, touch perception and intellectual aspects of a child as a whole and believed that within his special environment (which will be discussed get ahead on) allowing children free playful, conversational experiences would build and hurl all of a childs mother wits. Like Froebel, Dr.Montessori believe that the best way to educate a child was to creation a method that would track the natural physiological and physic al development of the child and allow touch, movement and freedom to guardianship the child to learn. (Montessori, 1964). Maria Montessori however did not regard her method of education as instigating play claiming If I were persuaded that children need to play, I would provide a proper apparatus, exclusively I am not so persuaded. (Ibid) The Dr. claimed that a childs mind was most absorbent between the ages of 0-6 years, and that children learn best through movement and senses although this should not be regarded as play.She also viewed the child as a whole however, in contrast to Froebels theories, she believed that each sense should be isolated and developed separately. To hit this Montessori developed thematic activities based on real life experiences, and allowed her children to work distributively or as part of a group. Again, a special environment was personate up where children could move about freely and pick and plan there have got method of self education exploitat ion apparatus that could only be utilise one way.